Formulasi dan Evaluasi Karakteristik Fisik Sabun Mandi Cair Mengandung Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus)
Formulation and Evaluation of the Physical Characteristics of a Liquid Body Wash Containing Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Essential Oil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58550/jka.v12i2.424Keywords:
Minyak Atsiri, Serai dapur, Cymbopogon citratus, sabun cair, stabilitas busaAbstract
Minyak atsiri serai dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) memiliki aroma khas dan berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam sediaan sabun mandi cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan minyak atsiri serai dapur terhadap karakteristik fisik sabun mandi cair. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimental menggunakan empat formula, yaitu F0, F1, F2, dan F3. Dimana F0 sebagai kontrol dan formula lainnya mengandung minyak atsiri 1, 5 dan 10%. Minyak atsiri diperoleh melalui destilasi air, kemudia diuji skrining fitokimia dan dianalisis menggunakan GC-MS. Evaluasi sediaan meliputi organoleptik, pH, homogenitas, tinggi busa dan stabilitas busa. Hasil skrining menunjukkan minyak atsiri positif mengandung monoterpenoid/seskuiterpenoid dan terpenoid. Analisis GC-MS menunjukkan komponen utama berupa geranial, neral, mirsenal, dan geranil asetat. Seluruh formula memiliki pH basa dalam rentang 8,61-10,25 dan stabilitas busa 76,25-91,25%. Uji one-way ANOVA menunjukkan konsentrasi minyak atsiri berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadpa pH, tetapi tidak signifikan terhadap stabilitas busa. F2 dipertimbangkan sebagai formula yang paling seimbang.
Abstract
Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil has distinctive aromatic profile that has potential as an additive in liquid body soap. This study evaluated changes in the physical characteristics of liquid soap following the incorporation of essential oil at different concentrartions. Four experimental formulations were prepared: a base formulation without essential oil (F0) and formulations containing 1% (F1), 5% (F2), and 10%(F3) essential oil. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and subsequently characterized by phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, pH, homogeneity, foam height, and foam stability. Preliminary phytochemical screening indicated the presence of monoterpenoids/sesquiterpenoids and terpenoids. GC-MS analysis identified geranial, neral, myrcene, and geranyl acetate as the major constituents. All formulations have basic pH of 8,61-10,25 and foam stability 76,25-91,25%. One-way analysis of variance showed that essential oil concentration had a significant effect on pH (p<0.05), but no significant effect on foam stability (p>0,05). Overall, F2 was considered the most balanced formulation.
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