Evaluasi Aksesibilitas Fasilitas Publik di Jakarta: Implikasi terhadap Inklusivitas Penyandang Disabilitas dan Kesehatan Perkotaan

Evaluation of Public Facility Accessibility in Jakarta: Implications for Disability Inclusivity and Urban Health

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tingkat kesesuaian aksesibilitas fasilitas public terhadap standar kemudahan bangunan Gedung di wilayah DKI Jakarta serta mengindetifikasi komponen aksesibilitas yang masih menjadi hambatan bagi penyandang disabilitas dalam pemanfaatan ruang public. Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif melalui observasi pada delapan fasilitas publik. Penilaian dilakukan selama Desember 2024-Januari 2025 menggunakan instrumen observasi yang terdiri dari 37 indikator aksesibilitas yang mengacu pada standar dalam PERMENPUPR RI No 14 Tahun 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kesesuaian aksesibilitas fasilitas publik masih bervariasi dengan skor berkisar antara 50,52% hingga 83%. Fasilitas transportasi publik menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian tertinggi (83% dan 74%), diikuti fasilitas literasi publik (77,06%), sedangkan fasilitas keagamaan menunjukkan tingkat kesesuaian terendah (50,52% dan 65,38%). Komponen dengan tingkat kesesuaian tertinggi meliputi ukuran dasar ruang, selasar, dan koridor, sementara komponen dengan kesesuaian terendah meliputi pencahayaan exit dan tanda arah, urinal, ruang laktasi, ruang ganti, serta bak cuci tangan. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa implementasi aksesibilitas pada infrastruktur public di Jakarta masih lebih banyak berfokus pada elemen structural bangunan dibandingkan pada sistem navigasi dan keselamatan, yang berpotensi terus membatasi akses yang setara terhadap lingkungan perkotaan bagi penyandang disabilitas.

This study aims to evaluate the level of accessibility compliance of public facilities with building accessibility standards in the DKI Jakarta region and to identify accessibility components that remain barriers for persons with disabilities in utilizing public spaces. The study employed a quantitative descriptive design through observations conducted in eight public facilities. The assessment was carried out between December 2024 and January 2025 using an observational instrument consisting of 37 accessibility indicators referring to the standards outlined in the Regulation of PERMENPUPR No. 14 of 2017. The results show that the level of accessibility compliance across public facilities varies, with scores ranging from 50.52% to 83%. Public transportation facilities demonstrated the highest level of compliance (83% and 74%), followed by public literacy facilities (77.06%), while religious facilities showed the lowest compliance (50.52% and 65.38%). Components with the highest compliance included basic spatial dimensions, corridors, and walkways, whereas components with the lowest compliance included exit lighting and directional signage, urinals, lactation rooms, changing rooms, and washbasins. These findings indicate that accessibility implementation in Jakarta’s public infrastructure remains primarily focused on structural building elements rather than navigation and safety systems, which may continue to limit equitable access to urban environments for persons with disabilities.